DDI description: Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors DDI-kuvailu: Puolueet ja kunnallisdemokratia 1996: valitsijakunta 1023 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Parties and Local Democracy 1996 : Electors, [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2012. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), jonka tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä-Epäkaupallinen 1.0 Suomi lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv) är licensierad under a Creative Commons Erkännande-IckeKommersiell 1.0 Finland License. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 1.0 Finland License. Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors Puolueet ja kunnallisdemokratia 1996: valitsijakunta 1023 Borg, Sami Borg, Sami According to an agreement between FSD and the depositor 1996 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Borg, Sami Individual datasets

Individual datasets contain those datasets that do not belong to any series.

3.0 Borg, Sami: Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors [computer file]. FSD1023, version 3.0 (2002-05-23). Gallup Finland [data collection], 1996. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], 2002. political allegiance political behaviour political participation political action political attitudes voting elections parliamentary elections local government services internal politics political parties political power local government studies political studies government, political systems and organisations mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion elections

The survey compared Finnish voters with the members of seven largest political parties, candidates of the 1996 municipal elections and municipal council members. The respondents were asked which party they would vote for in the next parliamentary elections and which party they had voted for in the municipal elections. If the respondents had voted in the municipal elections, reasons for candidate and party choice were surveyed. Non-voters were asked why they had not voted. The role of the media in municipal elections was charted. There were questions about the members' activity in the parties and their interest in elective offices. The respondents were presented with statements concerning municipal policy and politics in general. They were asked to assess to what extent the work of councillors is appreciated, whether they saw themselves as representatives of their background groups in their parties, and how important it was that the municipal council was representative of the municipal electorate. The present state and development needs of a number of municipal services and tasks were evaluated. The party members were questioned about how municipal democracy, service production and efficiency of decision-making could be improved. Finally, the respondents were asked who had real influence in their home municipality, how active party members they thought themselves to be, and how active their own local association was.

Background variables included the respondent's sex, age, occupational group, vocational education, type of employer, household income, type of residence, and municipality of residence.

Finland Finland Individual Individual Population of Finland aged 18 or over at the time of the interview the Åland Islands Cross-sectional study CrossSection Gallup Finland

Normal Omnibus-procedure and an agreement to mail survey. Variables 1-18 were obtained through the Omnibus-survey and variables 19-50 through the mail survey.

Omnibus sample. The sample represents Finnish population aged 15 or over, excluding the citizens of the Åland Islands. Multistage stratified sampling. The target population was stratified according to the number of inhabitants aged 15 or over in each province and in the second stage, by municipality group within each province. Municipalities were classified into five groups: big and small cities (according to population size) and into three rural municipality groups (according to their industrial structure). The sample municipalities were selected representatively. In the third stage, sample households were selected using the starting point method. The first interview was conducted in the randomly selected starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next five households. From each household the person who corresponded to the sex and age criteria defined in the selection card was chosen for the interview.

Face-to-face interview and postal survey Structured questionnaire There are no weight variables in the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Data: SPSS portable file. Data available also in other file formats. The variable identifying municipality has been removed from the data set. Access to the data granted for scientific and teaching purposes; FSD's access application procedure. The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. FSD1021 Parties and Municipal Democracy 1996: Candidates FSD1022 Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Party Members FSD1024 Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Combined Dataset Borg, Sami (1998). Puolueet ja edustuksellinen kunnallisdemokratia: tutkimus poliittisesta edustautumisesta ja legitimiteetistä. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Tampereen yliopisto. Kunnallistieteiden laitos. Julkaisusarja; 1/1998. Oulasvirta, Lasse & Brännkärr, Christer (2001). Toimiva kunta. Helsinki: Kuntakoulutus. Palazzolo, Christopher A. (2007). Electoral Independence, Dependence, or Co-Dependence?: a Reassessment of Second-Order Electoral Expectations in Subnational Elections. Atlanta: Emory University. Emory University Dissertations (Ph.D.), Department of Political Science. Puolueet 1990-luvulla: näkökulmia suomalaiseen puoluetoimintaan (1997). Toim. Sami Borg. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opillisia tutkimuksia; 53. daF1023e.por 911 262 SPSS Portable [fsd_no] FSD study number FSD study number 914 1023 1023 1023.00 .000 [fsd_vr] FSD edition number FSD edition number 914 3.0 3.0 3.000 .0000 [fsd_pro] FSD processing level Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 914 1 1 1.00 .000 1 A (see codebook) 914 2 B (see codebook) 0 3 C (data hasn't been checked at FSD) 0 [fsd_id] FSD case id FSD case id 914 1 911 461.46 262.807 [q1] Sex Sex 914 1 2 1.50 .500 1 Man 462 2 Woman 452 [q2] How old are you? How old are you? 914 18 90 45.96 16.560 [q3] What is your basic education? What is your basic education? 914 1 4 1.89 .832 1 Primary education or less 355 2 Lower secondary education 325 3 Upper secondary education (matriculation examination) 215 4 Other 18 [q4] What is your vocational education? What is your professional training? 906 1 5 2.68 1.304 1 No vocational education 226 2 Vocational course, other short-term vocational training, apprenticeship contract 190 3 Vocational school, technical school, commercial school or such 233 4 College level vocational education 163 5 University or polytechnic education 94 6 Other 0 SYSMISS 5 [q5] To which of the following income brackets does your household belong when the pre-tax incomes of all family members are added up? (Annual or monthly income, FIM) To which of the following income brackets does your household belong when the pre-tax incomes of all family members are added up? (Annual or monthly income, FIM) 914 1 11 4.84 3.203 1 Below 60,000 annually/under 5,000 monthly 148 2 60,001- 90,000/a. (5,001- 7,500/m) 113 3 90,001-120,000/a. (7,501-10,000/m) 132 4 120,001-150,000/a. (10,001-12,500/m) 102 5 150,001-180,000/a. (12,501-15,000/m) 96 6 180,001-210,000/a. (15,001-17,500/m) 76 7 210,001-240,000/a. (17,501-20,000/m) 52 8 240,001-270,000/a. (20,001-22,500/m) 42 9 270,001-300,000/a. (22,501-25,000/m) 19 10 Over 300,000/a. (over 25,000/m) 36 11 No answer 98 [q6_1] Including yourself, how many over 16-year-olds live in your household? Including yourself, how many over 16-year-olds live in your household? 914 1 21 1.89 1.026 [q6_2] How many children under 16 years of age live in your household? How many children under 16 years of age live in your household? 710 0 11 .45 .993 [q6_3] How many children under 7 years of age live in your household? How many children under 7 years of age live in your household? 693 0 5 .34 .709 [q6_4] Total number of household members Total number of family members 914 1 14 2.44 1.435 [q7] What is your marital status? What is your marital status? 914 1 7 4.42 1.657 1 Single, living with parents 45 2 Single, below 35 years of age 66 3 Single, over 35 years of age 187 4 Married/cohabiting, no children 121 5 Married/cohabiting, with children 298 6 Single parent/adult, living with children 51 7 Couple, children do not live at home 145 [q8_1] To which occupational group does the head of your household (person with the highest income) belong? To which occupational group does the head of your household (person with the highest income) belong? 914 1 8 4.70 1.459 1 Farmer 22 2 Entrepreneur, self-employed 76 3 Employee in a managerial or professional occupation 96 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 127 5 Worker 294 6 Pensioner 256 7 Student 33 8 Other 11 [q8_2] If the head of the household is a retiree, what was his/her former profession? If the head of the household is a retiree, what was his/her former profession? 252 1 8 3.86 1.533 1 Farmer 33 2 Entrepreneur, self-employed 13 3 Employee in a managerial or professional occupation 50 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 32 5 Worker 114 6 Pensioner 7 7 Student 0 8 Other 3 SYSMISS 659 [q8_3] To which occupational group do you belong? (If the respondent is the head of the household) To which occupational group do you belong? (If the respondent is the head of the household) 908 1 8 4.85 1.488 1 Farmer 22 2 Entrepreneur, self-employed 53 3 Employee in a managerial or professional occupation 81 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 147 5 Worker 307 6 Pensioner 201 7 Student 70 8 Other 28 SYSMISS 3 [q9] Do you currently have a full-time job, part-time job or are you unemployed, laid off or for some other reason outside working life? Do you currently have a full-time job, part-time job or are you unemployed, laid off or for some other reason outside working life? 911 1 5 2.99 1.827 1 Full-time job 365 2 Part-time job 46 3 Unemployed 113 4 Laid off 5 5 Outside working life 382 [q10] Type of municipality Type of municipality 914 1 5 3.11 1.115 1 Capital area 133 2 Turku, Tampere 51 3 Other town or city 382 4 Population centre in rural area 276 5 Sparsely populated rural area 72 [q12] Province of residence Province of residence 913 1 11 4.42 3.277 1 Uusimaa province 233 2 Turku and Pori province 126 3 Häme province 113 4 Kymi province 85 5 Mikkeli province 50 6 Kuopio province 51 7 Keski-Suomi province 40 8 Vaasa province 68 9 Pohjois-Karjala province 27 10 Oulu province 80 11 Lappi province 41 [q13] In which part of Finland do you live? In which part of Finland do you live? 913 1 3 1.55 .756 1 Southern Finland 556 2 Central Finland 210 3 Northern Finland 148 [q14_1] If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote? If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote? 894 1 22 8.60 8.428 1 SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 164 2 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 143 3 KOK (National Coalition Party) 139 4 VAS (Left Alliance) 49 5 RKP (Swedish People's Party in Finland) 9 6 VIHR (Green League) 60 7 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 23 8 NUOR (Progressive Finnish Party) 18 9 PS (True Finns, former Finnish Rural Party SMP) 1 10 LKP (Liberal Party) 4 11 NAISP (Women's Party) 3 12 VSL (Alliance for Free Finland) 3 13 SEP (Finland's Pensioners' Party) 0 14 EKA (Pensioners for the People) 0 15 EKO (Ecological Party) 2 16 LLP (Natural Law Party) 1 17 YVP (Joint Responsibility Party) 0 18 KTP (Communist Worker's Party) 1 19 Some other party or group 17 20 I would not vote 76 21 I cannot say 118 22 I do not want to say 65 SYSMISS 17 [q14_2] If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote secondarily? If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote secondarily? 894 1 22 12.36 8.720 1 SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 90 2 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 81 3 KOK (National Coalition Party) 88 4 VAS (Left Alliance) 38 5 RKP (Swedish People's Party in Finland) 18 6 VIHR (Green League) 66 7 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 12 8 NUOR (Progressive Finnish Party) 38 9 PS (True Finns, former Finnish Rural Party SMP) 3 10 LKP (Liberal Party) 3 11 NAISP (Women's Party) 3 12 VSL (Alliance for Free Finland) 0 13 SEP (Finland's Pensioners' Party) 2 14 EKA (Pensioners for the People) 2 15 EKO (Ecological Party) 2 16 LLP (Natural Law Party) 1 17 YVP (Joint Responsibility Party) 0 18 KTP (Communist Worker's Party) 1 19 Some other party or group 15 20 I would not vote 128 21 I cannot say 207 22 I do not want to say 95 SYSMISS 17 [q14_3] For which party or group did you vote in the municipal elections in October? For which party or group did you vote in the municipal elections in October? 894 1 22 9.85 8.757 1 SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 148 2 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 127 3 KOK (National Coalition Party) 117 4 VAS (Left Alliance) 58 5 RKP (Swedish People's Party in Finland) 12 6 VIHR (Green League) 43 7 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 25 8 NUOR (Progressive Finnish Party) 10 9 PS (True Finns, former Finnish Rural Party SMP) 1 10 LKP (Liberal Party) 0 11 NAISP (Women's Party) 1 12 VSL (Alliance for Free Finland) 1 13 SEP (Finland's Pensioners' Party) 1 14 EKA (Pensioners for the People) 0 15 EKO (Ecological Party) 0 16 LLP (Natural Law Party) 0 17 YVP (Joint Responsibility Party) 0 18 KTP (Communist Worker's Party) 0 19 Some other party or group 30 20 I would not vote 199 21 I cannot say 23 22 I do not want to say 98 SYSMISS 17 [q15] The present Municipal Act has introduced referenda to municipal decision-making. According to the law, is the result of such a referendum binding or merely consultative? The present Municipal Act has introduced referenda to municipal decision-making. According to the law, is the result of such a referendum binding or merely consultative? 911 1 3 1.91 .566 1 Binding 192 2 Consultative 612 3 I cannot say 107 [q16_1] On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality's local/city council? Largest On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality's local/city council? Largest 914 1 8 2.50 2.113 1 SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 340 2 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 318 3 KOK (National Coalition Party) 138 4 VAS (Left Alliance) 3 5 RKP (Swedish People's Party in Finland) 10 6 VIHR (Green League) 0 7 Some other party or group 5 8 I cannot say 100 [q16_2] On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality's local/city council? Second largest On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality's local/city council? Second largest 894 1 8 2.83 2.197 1 SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 310 2 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 151 3 KOK (National Coalition Party) 294 4 VAS (Left Alliance) 9 5 RKP (Swedish People's Party in Finland) 10 6 VIHR (Green League) 2 7 Some other party or group 9 8 I cannot say 110 SYSMISS 17 [q17_1] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SDP Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SDP 914 0 1 .92 .275 0 Does not hold 75 1 Holds 839 [q17_2] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KESK Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KESK 914 0 1 .20 .397 0 Does not hold 735 1 Holds 179 [q17_3] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KOK Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KOK 914 0 1 .86 .344 0 Does not hold 125 1 Holds 789 [q17_4] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VAS Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VAS 914 0 1 .60 .490 0 Does not hold 365 1 Holds 550 [q17_5] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: RKP Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: RKP 914 0 1 .56 .497 0 Does not hold 404 1 Holds 510 [q17_6] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VIHR Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VIHR 914 0 1 .62 .485 0 Does not hold 346 1 Holds 568 [q17_7] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SKL Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SKL 914 0 1 .10 .294 0 Does not hold 826 1 Holds 88 [q17_8] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: NUOR Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: NUOR 914 0 1 .04 .188 0 Does not hold 881 1 Holds 33 [q17_9] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: PS Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: PS 914 0 1 .01 .109 0 Does not hold 903 1 Holds 11 [q17_10] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: Some other party Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: Some other party 914 0 1 .03 .162 0 Does not hold 889 1 Holds 25 [q18_1] Do you know what is the current tax rate percentage in your home municipality? Do you know what is the current tax rate percentage in your home municipality? 914 1 2 1.64 .481 1 Yes 331 2 No 583 [q18_2] Estimated tax rate percentage in home municipality (e.g. 1300=13.00%, 1675=16.75%) Estimated tax rate percentage in home municipality (e.g. 1300=13.00%, 1675=16.75%) 914 0 3800 642.02 862.398 [q19a] How interested are you in local politics? How interested are you in local politics? 782 1 5 2.53 .915 1 Very interested 88 2 Somewhat interested 322 3 Only slightly interested 258 4 Not at all interested 100 5 Cannot say 14 SYSMISS 129 [q19b] How interested are you in politics in general? How interested are you in politics in general? 782 1 5 2.61 1.011 1 Very interested 81 2 Somewhat interested 327 3 Only slightly interested 229 4 Not at all interested 104 5 Cannot say 40 SYSMISS 129 [q20_1] Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with your family members, colleagues, or other acquaintances? Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with your family members, colleagues, or other acquaintances? 757 1 4 2.28 .948 1 Often 170 2 Sometimes 304 3 Seldom 189 4 Never 95 SYSMISS 154 [q20_2] Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with a party member? Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with a party member? 729 1 4 3.17 .974 1 Often 51 2 Sometimes 140 3 Seldom 171 4 Never 366 SYSMISS 182 [q20_3] Over the past two years, how often have you tried to persuade people to have more positive attitudes towards politics? Over the past two years, how often have you tried to persuade people to have more positive attitudes towards politics? 733 1 4 3.46 .840 1 Often 30 2 Sometimes 78 3 Seldom 151 4 Never 474 SYSMISS 178 [q20_4] Over the past two years, how often have you written to newspapers' Letters to the Editor section about some political issue? Over the past two years, how often have you written to newspapers' Letters to the Editor section about some political issue? 725 1 4 3.90 .429 1 Often 8 2 Sometimes 10 3 Seldom 28 4 Never 679 SYSMISS 186 [q20_5] Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted civil servants to discuss political issues you consider important? Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted civil servants to discuss political issues you consider important? 723 1 4 3.72 .677 1 Often 13 2 Sometimes 51 3 Seldom 62 4 Never 596 SYSMISS 188 [q20_6] Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted elected officials to discuss political issues you consider important? Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted elected officials to discuss political issues you consider important? 735 1 4 3.61 .784 1 Often 24 2 Sometimes 64 3 Seldom 88 4 Never 559 SYSMISS 176 [q20_7] Over the past two years, how often have you signed appeals or petitions Over the past two years, how often have you signed appeals or petitions 731 1 4 3.50 .775 1 Often 15 2 Sometimes 84 3 Seldom 155 4 Never 477 SYSMISS 180 [q21] Are you presently a member of a political party, or have you ever been one? Are you presently a member of a political party, or have you ever been one? 758 1 3 2.67 .660 1 I am presently a member of a political party 81 2 I have been a member, but not at the moment 92 3 I have never been a member of a political party 586 SYSMISS 153 [q22a] Have you ever been asked to join a political party? Have you ever been asked to join a political party? 749 1 2 1.23 .423 1 I have never been asked 574 2 Yes 175 SYSMISS 162 [q22b_1] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SDP Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SDP 782 0 1 .10 .307 0 Have never been asked 700 1 Have been asked 82 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_2] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KESK Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KESK 782 0 1 .08 .266 0 Have never been asked 722 1 Have been asked 60 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_3] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KOK Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KOK 782 0 1 .07 .247 0 Have never been asked 731 1 Have been asked 51 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_4] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VAS Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VAS 782 0 1 .03 .158 0 Have never been asked 762 1 Have been asked 20 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_5] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: RKP Which party or parties have you been asked to join: RKP 782 0 1 .00 .069 0 Have never been asked 778 1 Have been asked 4 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_6] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VIHR Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VIHR 782 0 1 .01 .098 0 Have never been asked 774 1 Have been asked 8 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_7] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SKL Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SKL 782 0 1 .01 .113 0 Have never been asked 772 1 Have been asked 10 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_8] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: NUOR Which party or parties have you been asked to join: NUOR 782 0 0 .00 .000 0 Have never been asked 782 1 Have been asked 0 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_9] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: PS Which party or parties have you been asked to join: PS 782 0 1 .01 .121 0 Have never been asked 770 1 Have been asked 12 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_10] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: LKP Which party or parties have you been asked to join: LKP 782 0 1 .01 .108 0 Have never been asked 773 1 Have been asked 9 SYSMISS 129 [q22b_11] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: Some other Which party or parties have you been asked to join: Some other 782 0 1 .01 .103 0 Have never been asked 773 1 Have been asked 8 SYSMISS 129 [q22c_1] In which decade were you asked to join SDP In which decade were you asked to join SDP 63 40 90 70.61 12.668 [q22c_2] In which decade were you asked to join Center Party of Finland In which decade were you asked to join Center Party of Finland 50 30 90 72.95 14.014 [q22c_3] In which decade were you asked to join National Coalition Party In which decade were you asked to join National Coalition Party 40 50 90 73.56 13.416 [q22c_4] In which decade were you asked to join Left Alliance In which decade were you asked to join Left Alliance 16 60 90 77.26 9.273 [q22c_5] In which decade were you asked to join RKP In which decade were you asked to join RKP 1 70 70 . . [q22c_6] In which decade were you asked to join Green League In which decade were you asked to join Green League 5 50 90 73.25 19.226 [q22c_7] In which decade were you asked to join SKL In which decade were you asked to join SKL 7 80 90 81.17 3.496 [q22c_8] In which decade were you asked to join Progressive Finnish Party In which decade were you asked to join Progressive Finnish Party 0 0 0 0 0 [q22c_9] In which decade were you asked to join SMP In which decade were you asked to join SMP 9 60 80 75.51 7.139 [q22c_10] In which decade were you asked to join LKP In which decade were you asked to join LKP 8 50 80 66.81 10.791 [q22c_11] In which decade were you asked to join some other party In which decade were you asked to join some other party 6 60 90 80.00 10.653 [q23] If your would now be asked to join a party you find the most agreeable, how likely is it that you would join it or refuse to join it? If your would now be asked to join a party you find the most agreeable, how likely is it that you would join it or refuse to join it? 782 1 5 3.55 1.021 1 I would certainly join 37 2 I would propably join 68 3 I would propably refuse 236 4 I would certainly refuse 310 5 I cannot say 131 SYSMISS 129 [q24_1] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Sending a personal note with a person who knows the politician/public servant If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? Sending a personal note with a person who knows the politician or civil servant in question 782 1 5 3.22 1.263 1 Very congenial 62 2 Quite congenial 200 3 Not very congenial 196 4 Not at all congenial 154 5 Cannot say 170 SYSMISS 129 [q24_2] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in an informal, unscheduled situation (on the street etc.) If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in an informal, unscheduled situation (on the street etc.) 782 1 5 3.27 1.211 1 Very congenial 50 2 Quite congenial 182 3 Not very congenial 219 4 Not at all congenial 168 5 Cannot say 162 SYSMISS 129 [q24_3] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? In person at an appointed time If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? In person at an appointed time 782 1 5 2.91 1.315 1 Very congenial 112 2 Quite congenial 242 3 Not very congenial 163 4 Not at all congenial 131 5 Cannot say 134 SYSMISS 129 [q24_4] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact by telephone If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact by telephone 782 1 5 2.91 1.322 1 Very congenial 110 2 Quite congenial 254 3 Not very congenial 152 4 Not at all congenial 129 5 Cannot say 137 SYSMISS 129 [q24_5] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in writing (letter, fax, e-mail) If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in writing (letter, fax, e-mail) 782 1 5 3.21 1.288 1 Very congenial 75 2 Quite congenial 193 3 Not very congenial 177 4 Not at all congenial 170 5 Cannot say 167 SYSMISS 129 [q24_6] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a public gathering with politicians or public servants present If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a meeting or some other public gathering where there are politicians or civil servants present 782 1 5 3.32 1.158 1 Very congenial 43 2 Quite congenial 173 3 Not very congenial 194 4 Not at all congenial 235 5 Cannot say 137 SYSMISS 129 [q24_7] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a newspaper or through some other media If you were to contact a local politician or civil servant on some matter you consider important, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a newspaper or through some other media 782 1 5 3.59 1.079 1 Very congenial 38 2 Quite congenial 88 3 Not very congenial 193 4 Not at all congenial 304 5 Cannot say 158 SYSMISS 129 [q25_1] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The councilors themselves. How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The councilors themselves. 750 1 5 2.16 .963 1 Very much 213 2 Quite a lot 271 3 Difficult to say 214 4 Rather little 36 5 Very little 16 SYSMISS 161 [q25_2] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? Leading civil servants of the municipality. How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? Leading civil servants of the municipality. 740 1 5 2.46 .908 1 Very much 109 2 Quite a lot 270 3 Difficult to say 289 4 Rather little 57 5 Very little 16 SYSMISS 171 [q25_3] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The main media. How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The main media. 733 1 5 2.72 .884 1 Very much 39 2 Quite a lot 278 3 Difficult to say 281 4 Rather little 115 5 Very little 19 SYSMISS 178 [q25_4] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilor's in your municipality? You yourself. How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilor's in your municipality? You yourself. 733 1 5 3.31 1.122 1 Very much 19 2 Quite a lot 199 3 Difficult to say 172 4 Rather little 217 5 Very little 125 SYSMISS 178 [q26_1] What do you think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of their home municipality. What do you think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of one's home municipality. 759 1 5 2.92 1.248 1 I fully agree 94 2 I agree somewhat 251 3 Difficult to say 130 4 I disagree somewhat 193 5 I fully disagree 91 SYSMISS 152 [q26_2] What do you think about the following statements? I think that I understand the important issues of municipal politics rather well. What do you think about the following statements? I think that I apprehend the important issues of municipal politics rather well. 754 1 5 2.73 1.056 1 I fully agree 66 2 I agree somewhat 295 3 Difficult to say 217 4 I disagree somewhat 122 5 I fully disagree 53 SYSMISS 157 [q26_3] What do you think about the following statements? I have no say in what the municipal board and council decides. What do you think about the following statements? I have no say in what the local/city council decides. 754 1 5 2.51 1.234 1 I fully agree 188 2 I agree somewhat 239 3 Difficult to say 132 4 I disagree somewhat 148 5 I fully disagree 48 SYSMISS 157 [q26_4] What do you think about the following statements? There is at least one party in local politics which acts in my best interest. What do you think about the following statements? There is at least one party in local politics which acts in my best interest. 753 1 5 3.08 1.165 1 I fully agree 65 2 I agree somewhat 169 3 Difficult to say 280 4 I disagree somewhat 120 5 I fully disagree 118 SYSMISS 158 [q26_5] What do you think about the following statements? In municipal politics, parties are only interested in people's votes, not in their opinions. What do you think about the following statements? In municipal politics, parties are only interested in people's votes, not in their opinions. 750 1 5 2.42 1.135 1 I fully agree 174 2 I agree somewhat 280 3 Difficult to say 133 4 I disagree somewhat 137 5 I fully disagree 27 SYSMISS 161 [q26_6] What do you think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in my municipality, the election results do not have much significance nowadays. What do you think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in my municipality, the election results do not have much significance nowadays. 752 1 5 2.80 1.125 1 I fully agree 99 2 I agree somewhat 223 3 Difficult to say 212 4 I disagree somewhat 169 5 I fully disagree 49 SYSMISS 159 [q26_7] What do you think about the following statements? In my home municipality, public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through the local council decision-making. What do you think about the following statements? In my home municipality, civil servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy realized through the local council. 744 1 5 2.96 .883 1 I fully agree 43 2 I agree somewhat 133 3 Difficult to say 426 4 I disagree somewhat 97 5 I fully disagree 45 SYSMISS 167 [q26_8] What do you think about the following statements? Usually, the local government councillors lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected. What do you think about the following statements? Usually, the local/city councilors lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected. 746 1 5 2.38 1.051 1 I fully agree 146 2 I agree somewhat 328 3 Difficult to say 141 4 I disagree somewhat 109 5 I fully disagree 23 SYSMISS 165 [q26_9] What do you think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the local politicians in my home municipality. What do you think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the local politicians in my home municipality. 748 1 5 2.89 .995 1 I fully agree 43 2 I agree somewhat 231 3 Difficult to say 301 4 I disagree somewhat 116 5 I fully disagree 58 SYSMISS 163 [q26_10] What do you think about the following statements? Political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands in my home municipality. What do you think about the following statements? Political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands in my home municipality. 752 1 5 2.32 1.053 1 I fully agree 197 2 I agree somewhat 237 3 Difficult to say 217 4 I disagree somewhat 82 5 I fully disagree 18 SYSMISS 159 [q26_11] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of our society. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of society. 751 1 5 3.16 1.260 1 I fully agree 69 2 I agree somewhat 212 3 Difficult to say 124 4 I disagree somewhat 220 5 I fully disagree 126 SYSMISS 160 [q26_12] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I think that I understand important political issues rather well. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I think that I apprehend the important political issues rather well. 745 1 5 2.69 1.133 1 I fully agree 93 2 I agree somewhat 286 3 Difficult to say 181 4 I disagree somewhat 124 5 I fully disagree 60 SYSMISS 166 [q26_13] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I have no say in what the Finnish Government and Parliament decide. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I have no say in what the Finnish Government and Parliament decide. 751 1 5 2.20 1.181 1 I fully agree 262 2 I agree somewhat 244 3 Difficult to say 112 4 I disagree somewhat 99 5 I fully disagree 34 SYSMISS 160 [q26_14] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? There is at least one party in politics which acts in my best interest. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? There is at least one party in politics which acts in my best interest. 741 1 5 3.11 1.165 1 I fully agree 57 2 I agree somewhat 176 3 Difficult to say 258 4 I disagree somewhat 131 5 I fully disagree 119 SYSMISS 170 [q26_15] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Political parties are only interested in people's votes, not in their opinions. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Parties are only interested in people's votes, not in their opinions. 750 1 5 2.25 1.122 1 I fully agree 227 2 I agree somewhat 259 3 Difficult to say 129 4 I disagree somewhat 115 5 I fully disagree 19 SYSMISS 161 [q26_16] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in our country, the election results do not have much significance nowadays. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in our country, the election results do not have much significance nowadays. 742 1 5 2.63 1.157 1 I fully agree 128 2 I agree somewhat 255 3 Difficult to say 164 4 I disagree somewhat 153 5 I fully disagree 43 SYSMISS 169 [q26_17] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In Finland, civil/public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through elections. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In Finland, civil servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy realized through elections. 739 1 5 2.88 .918 1 I fully agree 52 2 I agree somewhat 166 3 Difficult to say 374 4 I disagree somewhat 110 5 I fully disagree 37 SYSMISS 172 [q26_18] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Usually, members of the Parliament lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Usually, members of the Parliament lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected. 744 1 5 2.17 .989 1 I fully agree 196 2 I agree somewhat 328 3 Difficult to say 130 4 I disagree somewhat 78 5 I fully disagree 13 SYSMISS 167 [q26_19] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the politicians. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the politicians. 744 1 5 3.47 1.068 1 I fully agree 21 2 I agree somewhat 129 3 Difficult to say 213 4 I disagree somewhat 243 5 I fully disagree 138 SYSMISS 167 [q26_20] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In our society, political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands. How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In our society, political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands. 743 1 5 2.12 1.028 1 I fully agree 238 2 I agree somewhat 278 3 Difficult to say 141 4 I disagree somewhat 72 5 I fully disagree 14 SYSMISS 168 [q27] As far as the circumstances of municipalities and their development are concerned, to what extent would you say the state authorities influence the local decision-making? As far as the circumstances of the municipality and their development are concerned, to what extent would you say the state authorities influence the local decision-making? 782 1 5 2.68 1.244 1 To great extent 87 2 To some extent 365 3 Not significantly 176 4 Not at all 14 5 Cannot say 139 SYSMISS 129 [q28_1] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of the different sexes. In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of the different sexes. 754 1 5 2.32 1.153 1 Very important 196 2 Fairly important 311 3 Difficult to say 86 4 Not very important 130 5 Not at all important 31 SYSMISS 157 [q28_2] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of various age groups. In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of various age groups. 753 1 5 2.13 1.036 1 Very important 218 2 Fairly important 344 3 Difficult to say 81 4 Not very important 94 5 Not at all important 16 SYSMISS 158 [q28_3] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of various occupational groups. In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of various occupational groups. 755 1 5 2.18 1.002 1 Very important 197 2 Fairly important 336 3 Difficult to say 125 4 Not very important 82 5 Not at all important 15 SYSMISS 156 [q28_4] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of people with different degrees of education. In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality's enfranchised population? Equal representation of people with different degrees of education. 749 1 5 2.23 1.028 1 Very important 180 2 Fairly important 342 3 Difficult to say 122 4 Not very important 82 5 Not at all important 22 SYSMISS 162 [q29_1] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Day-care services. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Day-care services. 682 4 10 7.64 1.295 [q29_2] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): School system. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): School system. 685 4 10 7.66 1.230 [q29_3] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Public transport. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Public transport. 692 4 10 6.86 1.523 [q29_4] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Environmental protection. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Environmental protection. 673 4 10 6.96 1.227 [q29_5] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Library administration. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Library administration. 692 4 10 8.02 1.280 [q29_6] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Primary health care. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Health center services. 704 4 10 7.45 1.409 [q29_7] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Care of the elderly. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Care of the elderly. 682 4 10 7.33 1.256 [q29_8] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Cultural services. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Cultural services. 676 4 10 7.38 1.310 [q29_9] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for housing construction. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for housing production. 639 4 10 6.76 1.312 [q29_10] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Subsistence subsidies. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Subsistence subsidies. 633 4 10 6.90 1.464 [q29_11] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Employment. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Employment. 678 4 10 5.87 1.415 [q29_12] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Sports and recreational services. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Sports and recreational services. 689 4 10 7.82 1.279 [q29_13] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Street maintenance and lights. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Street maintenance and lights. 696 4 10 7.43 1.282 [q29_14] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for businesses and enterprises. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for businesses and enterprises. 629 4 10 6.97 1.284 [q29_15] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Maintenance of parks and recreational areas. The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Maintenance of parks and recreational areas. 686 4 10 7.45 1.258 [q30_1] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Day-care services. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Day-care services. 782 0 1 .24 .430 0 Not mentioned 591 1 Mentioned 191 SYSMISS 129 [q30_2] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: School system. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: School system. 782 0 1 .26 .441 0 Not mentioned 576 1 Mentioned 206 SYSMISS 129 [q30_3] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Public transport. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Public transport. 782 0 1 .35 .478 0 Not mentioned 506 1 Mentioned 275 SYSMISS 129 [q30_4] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Environmental protection. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Environmental protection. 782 0 1 .30 .457 0 Not mentioned 550 1 Mentioned 232 SYSMISS 129 [q30_5] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Library administration. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Library administration. 782 0 1 .11 .309 0 Not mentioned 698 1 Mentioned 84 SYSMISS 129 [q30_6] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Primary health care services Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Health center services 782 0 1 .41 .492 0 Not mentioned 463 1 Mentioned 318 SYSMISS 129 [q30_7] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Care of the elderly. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Care of the elderly. 782 0 1 .38 .486 0 Not mentioned 483 1 Mentioned 299 SYSMISS 129 [q30_8] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Cultural services. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Cultural services. 782 0 1 .13 .338 0 Not mentioned 679 1 Mentioned 103 SYSMISS 129 [q30_9] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for housing construction. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for housing production. 782 0 1 .30 .459 0 Not mentioned 547 1 Mentioned 235 SYSMISS 129 [q30_10] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Subsistence subsidies. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Subsistence subsidies. 782 0 1 .24 .430 0 Not mentioned 591 1 Mentioned 191 SYSMISS 129 [q30_11] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Employment. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Employment. 782 0 1 .69 .464 0 Not mentioned 244 1 Mentioned 538 SYSMISS 129 [q30_12] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Sports and recreational services. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Sports and recreational services. 782 0 1 .11 .317 0 Not mentioned 693 1 Mentioned 88 SYSMISS 129 [q30_13] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Street maintenance and lights. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Street maintenance and lights. 782 0 1 .22 .411 0 Not mentioned 613 1 Mentioned 168 SYSMISS 129 [q30_14] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for businesses and enterprises. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for businesses and enterprises. 782 0 1 .26 .439 0 Not mentioned 578 1 Mentioned 204 SYSMISS 129 [q30_15] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Maintenance of parks and recreational areas. Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Maintenance of parks and recreational areas. 782 0 1 .15 .357 0 Not mentioned 665 1 Mentioned 117 SYSMISS 129 [q31_1] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing regional governance, for instance sub-municipal authority. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing regional governance, for instance sub-municipal authority. 742 1 5 2.57 .759 1 A very good means 58 2 Rather good means 261 3 Difficult to say 374 4 Not a very good means 40 5 Not at all good means 8 SYSMISS 169 [q31_2] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the right to make motions. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the right to make motions. 739 1 5 2.40 .762 1 A very good means 88 2 Rather good means 305 3 Difficult to say 312 4 Not a very good means 33 5 Not at all good means 2 SYSMISS 172 [q31_3] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal referendums. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal referendums. 744 1 5 2.45 .931 1 A very good means 104 2 Rather good means 310 3 Difficult to say 232 4 Not a very good means 85 5 Not at all good means 14 SYSMISS 167 [q31_4] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal opinion polls. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal opinion polls. 738 1 5 2.27 .868 1 A very good means 125 2 Rather good means 355 3 Difficult to say 197 4 Not a very good means 52 5 Not at all good means 9 SYSMISS 173 [q31_5] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Public hearings. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Public hearings. 737 1 5 2.40 .873 1 A very good means 98 2 Rather good means 332 3 Difficult to say 229 4 Not a very good means 69 5 Not at all good means 8 SYSMISS 174 [q31_6] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Other discussions and briefings. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Other discussions and briefings. 736 1 5 2.36 .854 1 A very good means 102 2 Rather good means 341 3 Difficult to say 223 4 Not a very good means 64 5 Not at all good means 6 SYSMISS 175 [q31_7] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Strengthening the power of elected officials at the cost of civil servants. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Strengthening the power of elected officials at the cost of civil servants. 739 1 5 2.86 .875 1 A very good means 53 2 Rather good means 160 3 Difficult to say 384 4 Not a very good means 120 5 Not at all good means 22 SYSMISS 172 [q31_8] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Devolving the election of the municipal/city manager directly to the residents. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Devolving the election of the municipal/city manager directly to the residents of the municipality. 741 1 5 2.63 1.138 1 A very good means 149 2 Rather good means 177 3 Difficult to say 251 4 Not a very good means 123 5 Not at all good means 40 SYSMISS 170 [q31_9] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Increasing temporary employment of the leading municipal officials. 739 1 5 2.48 1.085 1 A very good means 169 2 Rather good means 199 3 Difficult to say 243 4 Not a very good means 106 5 Not at all good means 22 SYSMISS 172 [q31_10] How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the operations of local organisations of political parties. How good do you find the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the operations of parties' local organizations. 737 1 5 2.95 .912 1 A very good means 39 2 Rather good means 166 3 Difficult to say 365 4 Not a very good means 126 5 Not at all good means 42 SYSMISS 174 [q32_1] How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Reducing the number of municipalities by involuntary consolidations. How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Reducing the number of municipalities by involuntary consolidations. 749 1 5 3.30 1.138 1 A very good means 52 2 A rather good means 137 3 Difficult to say 208 4 Not a very good means 238 5 Not at all good means 114 SYSMISS 162 [q32_2] How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing voluntary co-operation between municipalities. How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing voluntary co-operation between municipalities. 744 1 5 1.96 .748 1 A very good means 199 2 A rather good means 400 3 Difficult to say 125 4 Not a very good means 18 5 Not at all good means 2 SYSMISS 167 [q32_3] How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Promoting the idea of profit responsibility. How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Strengthening profit responsibility. 740 1 5 2.32 .969 1 A very good means 157 2 A rather good means 288 3 Difficult to say 217 4 Not a very good means 63 5 Not at all good means 16 SYSMISS 171 [q32_4] How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Privatization of municipal services. How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Privatization of municipal services. 726 1 5 3.01 1.099 1 A very good means 63 2 A rather good means 177 3 Difficult to say 245 4 Not a very good means 173 5 Not at all good means 68 SYSMISS 185 [q32_5] How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing the power of experts and public servants at the cost of elected officials. How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing the power of civil servants and experts at the cost of elected officials. 740 1 5 3.26 .971 1 A very good means 26 2 A rather good means 120 3 Difficult to say 310 4 Not a very good means 205 5 Not at all good means 79 SYSMISS 171 [q32_6] How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials. How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing temporary employment of the leading municipal officials. 745 1 5 2.47 1.086 1 A very good means 166 2 A rather good means 217 3 Difficult to say 236 4 Not a very good means 100 5 Not at all good means 27 SYSMISS 166 [q33_1] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal/city council. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal/city council. 744 1 5 1.93 .794 1 Very much 225 2 Quite a lot 383 3 Difficult to say 101 4 Quite little 32 5 Very little 2 SYSMISS 167 [q33_2] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal/city board. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal/city government. 739 1 5 1.83 .764 1 Very much 268 2 Quite a lot 344 3 Difficult to say 109 4 Quite little 16 5 Very little 1 SYSMISS 172 [q33_3] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Committees and executive boards. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Committees and executive boards. 742 1 5 2.42 .858 1 Very much 85 2 Quite a lot 355 3 Difficult to say 211 4 Quite little 88 5 Very little 3 SYSMISS 169 [q33_4] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal manager/city mayor. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal manager/city mayor. 738 1 5 2.18 .917 1 Very much 176 2 Quite a lot 320 3 Difficult to say 180 4 Quite little 54 5 Very little 8 SYSMISS 173 [q33_5] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal public servants in general. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Civil servants in general. 735 1 5 2.58 .932 1 Very much 82 2 Quite a lot 281 3 Difficult to say 246 4 Quite little 116 5 Very little 11 SYSMISS 176 [q33_6] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Banks. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Banks. 741 1 5 2.58 1.001 1 Very much 115 2 Quite a lot 228 3 Difficult to say 274 4 Quite little 104 5 Very little 20 SYSMISS 170 [q33_7] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Industrial and other enterprises. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Industrial and other enterprises. 743 1 5 2.60 .990 1 Very much 103 2 Quite a lot 249 3 Difficult to say 251 4 Quite little 125 5 Very little 15 SYSMISS 168 [q33_8] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Local state authorities. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Local state authorities. 735 1 5 2.76 .871 1 Very much 40 2 Quite a lot 247 3 Difficult to say 316 4 Quite little 112 5 Very little 20 SYSMISS 176 [q33_9] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Parties' local organizations. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Parties' local organizations. 741 1 5 3.04 .909 1 Very much 27 2 Quite a lot 179 3 Difficult to say 300 4 Quite little 205 5 Very little 30 SYSMISS 170 [q33_10] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Trade unions. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Trade unions. 738 1 5 3.16 .933 1 Very much 24 2 Quite a lot 160 3 Difficult to say 273 4 Quite little 241 5 Very little 41 SYSMISS 173 [q33_11] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Employers' associations. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Employers' associations. 736 1 5 3.10 .907 1 Very much 26 2 Quite a lot 163 3 Difficult to say 289 4 Quite little 229 5 Very little 29 SYSMISS 175 [q33_12] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Organizations of the agricultural producers. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Organizations of the agricultural producers. 736 1 5 3.21 .981 1 Very much 27 2 Quite a lot 144 3 Difficult to say 282 4 Quite little 215 5 Very little 68 SYSMISS 175 [q33_13] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Residents' associations/village committees. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Residents' associations/village committees. 739 1 5 3.50 .919 1 Very much 12 2 Quite a lot 101 3 Difficult to say 213 4 Quite little 331 5 Very little 82 SYSMISS 172 [q33_14] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Regional/local newspapers. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Regional/local newspapers. 736 1 5 3.11 .963 1 Very much 19 2 Quite a lot 199 3 Difficult to say 245 4 Quite little 226 5 Very little 47 SYSMISS 175 [q33_15] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Residents in general. In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Residents in general. 739 1 5 3.63 .960 1 Very much 8 2 Quite a lot 95 3 Difficult to say 193 4 Quite little 310 5 Very little 133 SYSMISS 172 [q34] What is your impression of the current Government, i.e. the Government of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen? Are you satisfied with its actions? What is your impression of the Government in office, i.e. the Government of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen? Are you satisfied with its actions? 782 1 5 3.17 1.023 1 Very satisfied 8 2 Quite satisfied 225 3 Quite dissatisfied 276 4 Very dissatisfied 169 5 Cannot say 104 SYSMISS 129 [q35a_1] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general. 684 4 10 7.54 1.404 [q35a_2] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region's largest newspaper. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region's largest newspaper. 672 4 10 7.69 1.252 [q35a_3] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. 639 4 10 7.38 1.335 [q35a_4] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free papers. 582 4 10 6.99 1.503 [q35a_5] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts (YLE) In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broadcasting Company.(YLE) 642 4 10 7.25 1.377 [q35a_6] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations. 577 4 10 7.02 1.392 [q35a_7] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the recent municipal election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV-broadcasts. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV-broadcasts. 646 4 10 7.62 1.499 [q35a_8] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television. In Finland, municipal elections were recently held. In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the different media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television. 255 4 10 6.26 1.631 [q35b_1] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general. 610 4 10 7.15 1.506 [q35b_2] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region's largest newspaper. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region's largest newspaper. 609 4 10 6.98 1.543 [q35b_3] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. 573 4 10 7.04 1.454 [q35b_4] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free papers. 522 4 10 6.85 1.509 [q35b_5] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broadcasting Company. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE). 575 4 10 7.38 1.425 [q35b_6] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations. 525 4 10 7.18 1.444 [q35b_7] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV- broadcasts. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV- broadcasts. 580 4 10 7.43 1.442 [q35b_8] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television. In your opinion, how neutrally did the various media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television. 233 4 10 6.80 1.587 [q36] A number of the enfranchised did not vote in the municipal elections this fall. Did you or did you not vote? A number of the enfranchised did not vote in the municipal elections this fall. Did you or did you not vote? 779 1 2 1.28 .447 1 I did vote 564 2 I did not vote 215 SYSMISS 132 [q37_1] The most important reason for voting The most important reason for voting 557 1 5 2.43 1.225 1 Desire to see to it that the goals that I consider important are met 121 2 In my opinion, voting is a civic duty 235 3 I wanted to help a particular party/candidate to succeed 110 4 Voting is a habit 24 5 I cannot say 68 SYSMISS 354 [q37_2] The second most important reason for voting The second most important reason for voting 562 1 5 3.09 1.358 1 Desire to see to it that the goals that I consider important are met 83 2 In my opinion, voting is a civic duty 121 3 I wanted to help a particular party/candidate to succeed 145 4 Voting is a habit 88 5 I cannot say 124 SYSMISS 349 [q38_1] Is the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections of the same sex as you? Is the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections of the same sex as you? 566 1 3 1.49 .648 1 Yes 336 2 No 183 3 Cannot say/will not say 48 SYSMISS 345 [q38_2] Do you and the candidate you voted for belong to the same age group? Do you and the candidate you voted for belong to the same age group? 565 1 3 1.59 .682 1 Yes 293 2 No 209 3 Cannot say/will not say 63 SYSMISS 346 [q38_3] Does the candidate you voted for represent the same occupational group as you do Does the candidate you voted for represent the same occupational group as you do 565 1 3 1.93 .627 1 Yes 132 2 No 341 3 Cannot say/will not say 92 SYSMISS 346 [q39_1] To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that he/she is of the same sex as you are? To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that he/she is of the same sex as you are? 525 1 5 3.44 1.535 1 To great extent 90 2 To some extent 94 3 Difficult to say 26 4 Not significantly 125 5 Not at all 189 SYSMISS 386 [q39_2] To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same age group To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same age group 536 1 5 3.38 1.449 1 To great extent 71 2 To some extent 121 3 Difficult to say 40 4 Not significantly 139 5 Not at all 164 SYSMISS 375 [q39_3] To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same occupational group To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same occupational group 520 1 5 3.84 1.366 1 To great extent 49 2 To some extent 67 3 Difficult to say 38 4 Not significantly 129 5 Not at all 237 SYSMISS 391 [q40_1] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I know the candidate personally How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I know the candidate personally 782 0 1 .37 .484 0 No 490 1 Yes 292 SYSMISS 129 [q40_2] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? A friend, acquaintance or relative of mine knows the candidate in person How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? A friend, acquaintance or relative of mine knows the candidate in person 782 0 1 .08 .276 0 No 717 1 Yes 65 SYSMISS 129 [q40_3] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I had followed the candidate's activities through media even before his/her advertising campaign How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I had followed candidate's pursuits through media even before his/her advertising campaign 782 0 1 .20 .403 0 No 622 1 Yes 160 SYSMISS 129 [q40_4] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I voted for the candidate on the basis of his/her advertising campaign How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I voted for the candidate on the basis of his/her advertising campaign 782 0 1 .05 .226 0 No 740 1 Yes 42 SYSMISS 129 [q40_5] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I chose the candidate without knowing him/her very well. How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I chose the candidate without knowing him/her closely. 782 0 1 .05 .210 0 No 746 1 Yes 36 SYSMISS 129 [q40_6] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? Cannot say How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? Cannot say 782 0 1 .04 .204 0 No 748 1 Yes 34 SYSMISS 129 [q41] If you consider your voting decision in the municipal elections, which was more decisive: the party or the candidate? If you consider your voting decision in the municipal elections, which was more decisive: the party or the candidate? 564 1 3 1.83 .599 1 Party 158 2 Candidate 345 3 Cannot say 61 SYSMISS 347 [q42_1] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's pursuit of policies at the state level during the ongoing electoral period How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's pursuit of policies at the state level during the ongoing electoral period 534 1 5 3.31 1.389 1 Of crucial significance 54 2 Rather significant 143 3 Difficult to say 71 4 Had some significance 114 5 Had no significance 152 SYSMISS 377 [q42_2] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party has a good chairperson. How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party has a good chairperson. 524 1 5 3.75 1.289 1 Of crucial significance 29 2 Rather significant 80 3 Difficult to say 106 4 Had some significance 89 5 Had no significance 220 SYSMISS 387 [q42_3] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's policy regarding issues related to the European Union How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's policy regarding issues related to the European Union 533 1 5 3.39 1.374 1 Of crucial significance 53 2 Rather significant 116 3 Difficult to say 95 4 Had some significance 107 5 Had no significance 162 SYSMISS 378 [q42_4] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's general ideology How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's general ideology 536 1 5 2.83 1.453 1 Of crucial significance 122 2 Rather significant 154 3 Difficult to say 60 4 Had some significance 99 5 Had no significance 102 SYSMISS 375 [q42_5] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's trustworthiness How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's trustworthiness 532 1 5 2.92 1.332 1 Of crucial significance 72 2 Rather significant 187 3 Difficult to say 77 4 Had some significance 105 5 Had no significance 91 SYSMISS 379 [q42_6] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's policies in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's pursuit of policies at the local level during the 1993-1996 electoral period 533 1 5 3.29 1.310 1 Of crucial significance 51 2 Rather significant 124 3 Difficult to say 102 4 Had some significance 131 5 Had no significance 124 SYSMISS 378 [q42_7] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's particular objectives in local politics How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party's isolated objectives in local politics 528 1 5 3.14 1.257 1 Of crucial significance 49 2 Rather significant 141 3 Difficult to say 125 4 Had some significance 116 5 Had no significance 98 SYSMISS 383 [q42_8] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had good candidates How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had good candidates 532 1 5 2.93 1.369 1 Of crucial significance 86 2 Rather significant 172 3 Difficult to say 56 4 Had some significance 130 5 Had no significance 88 SYSMISS 379 [q42_9] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had a good campaign How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had a good campaign 520 1 5 3.94 1.191 1 Of crucial significance 20 2 Rather significant 48 3 Difficult to say 122 4 Had some significance 84 5 Had no significance 246 SYSMISS 391 [q43_1] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's activities in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's pursuit of policies at the local level during the 1993-1996 electoral period 536 1 5 3.34 1.501 1 Of crucial significance 78 2 Rather significant 124 3 Difficult to say 57 4 Had some significance 93 5 Had no significance 184 SYSMISS 375 [q43_2] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's prior experience in local politics or at other level of politics How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's prior experience in local politics or in other politics 540 1 5 3.10 1.519 1 Of crucial significance 92 2 Rather significant 165 3 Difficult to say 34 4 Had some significance 92 5 Had no significance 155 SYSMISS 371 [q43_3] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's political convictions How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's political conviction 540 1 5 2.85 1.450 1 Of crucial significance 114 2 Rather significant 164 3 Difficult to say 60 4 Had some significance 94 5 Had no significance 108 SYSMISS 371 [q43_4] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's trustworthiness How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's trustworthiness 530 1 5 2.17 1.143 1 Of crucial significance 163 2 Rather significant 230 3 Difficult to say 43 4 Had some significance 69 5 Had no significance 25 SYSMISS 381 [q43_5] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's ability to efficiently administer affairs How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's ability to efficiently administer affairs 535 1 5 2.28 1.162 1 Of crucial significance 143 2 Rather significant 229 3 Difficult to say 62 4 Had some significance 70 5 Had no significance 31 SYSMISS 376 [q43_6] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's policy regarding issues related to the European Union How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's policy regarding issues related to the European Union 526 1 5 3.32 1.398 1 Of crucial significance 67 2 Rather significant 95 3 Difficult to say 128 4 Had some significance 75 5 Had no significance 161 SYSMISS 385 [q43_7] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's good campaign How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's good campaign 522 1 5 4.14 1.135 1 Of crucial significance 18 2 Rather significant 31 3 Difficult to say 104 4 Had some significance 75 5 Had no significance 294 SYSMISS 389 [q43_8] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's particular objectives in local politics How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate's isolated objectives in local politics 527 1 5 3.03 1.348 1 Of crucial significance 77 2 Rather significant 144 3 Difficult to say 88 4 Had some significance 123 5 Had no significance 96 SYSMISS 384 [q44_1] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Day-care services To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Day-care services 538 1 5 3.41 1.372 1 To great extent 55 2 To some extent 120 3 Difficult to say 70 4 Not a lot 137 5 Not at all 156 SYSMISS 373 [q44_2] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? School system To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? School system 531 1 5 3.04 1.348 1 To great extent 67 2 To some extent 163 3 Difficult to say 88 4 Not a lot 106 5 Not at all 106 SYSMISS 380 [q44_3] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Public transport To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Public transport 525 1 5 3.17 1.237 1 To great extent 42 2 To some extent 144 3 Difficult to say 115 4 Not a lot 130 5 Not at all 94 SYSMISS 386 [q44_4] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Environmental protection To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Environmental protection 527 1 5 2.93 1.248 1 To great extent 58 2 To some extent 180 3 Difficult to say 104 4 Not a lot 110 5 Not at all 75 SYSMISS 384 [q44_5] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Library administration To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Library administration 522 1 5 3.19 1.209 1 To great extent 37 2 To some extent 141 3 Difficult to say 116 4 Not a lot 140 5 Not at all 88 SYSMISS 389 [q44_6] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Primary health care services To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Health center services 528 1 5 2.48 1.287 1 To great extent 127 2 To some extent 207 3 Difficult to say 68 4 Not a lot 68 5 Not at all 59 SYSMISS 383 [q44_7] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Care of the elderly To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Care of the elderly 535 1 5 2.65 1.309 1 To great extent 109 2 To some extent 190 3 Difficult to say 85 4 Not a lot 83 5 Not at all 68 SYSMISS 376 [q44_8] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Cultural services To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Cultural services 521 1 5 3.24 1.179 1 To great extent 31 2 To some extent 134 3 Difficult to say 127 4 Not a lot 141 5 Not at all 89 SYSMISS 390 [q44_9] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for housing construction To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for housing production 525 1 5 3.08 1.222 1 To great extent 42 2 To some extent 160 3 Difficult to say 129 4 Not a lot 107 5 Not at all 88 SYSMISS 386 [q44_10] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Subsistence subsidies To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Subsistence subsidies 528 1 5 3.14 1.272 1 To great extent 48 2 To some extent 145 3 Difficult to say 123 4 Not a lot 107 5 Not at all 105 SYSMISS 383 [q44_11] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Employment To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Employment 539 1 5 2.35 1.294 1 To great extent 158 2 To some extent 202 3 Difficult to say 70 4 Not a lot 47 5 Not at all 61 SYSMISS 372 [q44_12] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sports and recreational services To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sports and recreational services 524 1 5 3.37 1.221 1 To great extent 32 2 To some extent 121 3 Difficult to say 103 4 Not a lot 156 5 Not at all 112 SYSMISS 387 [q44_13] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Street maintenance and lights To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Street maintenance and lights 522 1 5 3.12 1.226 1 To great extent 43 2 To some extent 156 3 Difficult to say 103 4 Not a lot 140 5 Not at all 81 SYSMISS 389 [q44_14] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for businesses and enterprises To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for businesses and enterprises 526 1 5 3.18 1.230 1 To great extent 42 2 To some extent 135 3 Difficult to say 134 4 Not a lot 117 5 Not at all 98 SYSMISS 385 [q44_15] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Maintenance of parks and recreational areas To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Maintenance of parks and recreational areas 528 1 5 3.24 1.169 1 To great extent 29 2 To some extent 139 3 Difficult to say 121 4 Not a lot 154 5 Not at all 86 SYSMISS 383 [q45_1] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable candidate To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable candidate 240 1 4 2.39 1.139 1 To great extent 76 2 To some extent 46 3 Had no bearing 68 4 Cannot say 51 SYSMISS 671 [q45_2] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable party To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable party 234 1 4 2.71 1.030 1 To great extent 41 2 To some extent 44 3 Had no bearing 90 4 Cannot say 58 SYSMISS 677 [q45_3] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I did not vote due to a trip, sickness, old age, some job-related obstacle etc. To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I did not vote due to a trip, sickness, old age, some job-related obstacle etc. 234 1 4 2.81 .985 1 To great extent 42 2 To some extent 11 3 Had no bearing 128 4 Cannot say 53 SYSMISS 677 [q45_4] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I simply couldn't be bothered to vote. To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I simply couldn't be bothered to vote. 279 1 4 2.96 1.063 1 To great extent 40 2 To some extent 42 3 Had no bearing 85 4 Cannot say 111 SYSMISS 632 [q45_5] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I failed to see how voting would benefit me personally. To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I failed to see how voting would benefit me personally. 231 1 4 2.41 1.141 1 To great extent 68 2 To some extent 55 3 Had no bearing 54 4 Cannot say 54 SYSMISS 680 [q45_6] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I thought that one vote would not have had any bearing on the outcome. To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I thought that one vote would not have had any bearing on the outcome. 232 1 4 2.81 .967 1 To great extent 28 2 To some extent 51 3 Had no bearing 91 4 Cannot say 63 SYSMISS 679 [q45_7] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I have a distrust of politicians and politics in general To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I have a distrust of politicians and politics in general 230 1 4 2.30 1.174 1 To great extent 79 2 To some extent 59 3 Had no bearing 37 4 Cannot say 55 SYSMISS 681 [q45_8] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians 230 1 4 2.59 1.136 1 To great extent 59 2 To some extent 39 3 Had no bearing 71 4 Cannot say 62 SYSMISS 681 [q45_9] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? Politics do not interest me and I think that voting is not important To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? Politics do not interest me and I think that voting is not important 229 1 4 2.53 1.094 1 To great extent 56 2 To some extent 49 3 Had no bearing 72 4 Cannot say 52 SYSMISS 682 [q45_10] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I could not find a suitable candidate in the European Parliament elections To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I could not find a suitable candidate in Euro elections 232 1 4 2.59 1.119 1 To great extent 58 2 To some extent 38 3 Had no bearing 78 4 Cannot say 59 SYSMISS 679 [q46a] Leaving elections and voting aside, do you feel that you presently support a particular political party? Leaving elections and voting aside, do you feel that you presently support a particular political party? 782 1 3 1.61 .695 1 Yes 399 2 No 287 3 Cannot say 96 SYSMISS 129 [q46b] Which party do you support? Which party do you support? 427 1 11 4.13 3.501 1 Social Democratic Party of Finland - SDP 114 2 Center Party of Finland - KESK 87 3 National Coalition Party - KOK 65 4 Left Alliance - VAS 27 5 Swedish People's Party in Finland - RKP 6 6 Green League - VIHR 30 7 Christian League of Finland - SKL 18 8 Progressive Finnish Party - NUOR 8 9 True Finns - PS 1 10 Some other party 6 11 Will not say 64 SYSMISS 484 [q47_1] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? News and current affairs in mass media Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge of the parties and candidates. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates to support you decision-making? News and current affairs in mass media 712 1 5 2.20 1.076 1 Yes 199 2 To some extent 305 3 Difficult to say 103 4 Not really 79 5 No 26 SYSMISS 199 [q47_2] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Party adverts Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge of the parties and candidates. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates to support you decision-making? Party adverts 700 1 5 2.35 1.097 1 Yes 173 2 To some extent 252 3 Difficult to say 159 4 Not really 91 5 No 26 SYSMISS 211 [q47_3] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Candidate adverts Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge of the parties and candidates. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates to support you decision-making? Candidate adverts 695 1 5 2.34 1.110 1 Yes 179 2 To some extent 248 3 Difficult to say 145 4 Not really 98 5 No 24 SYSMISS 216 [q47_4] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? My own pre-existing knowledge of the parties Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge of the parties and candidates. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates to support you decision-making? My own pre-existing knowledge of the parties 718 1 5 2.16 .991 1 Yes 192 2 To some extent 312 3 Difficult to say 139 4 Not really 57 5 No 18 SYSMISS 193 [q47_5] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? My own pre-existing knowledge of the candidates Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge of the parties and candidates. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates to support you decision-making? My own pre-existing knowledge of the candidates 715 1 5 2.21 1.050 1 Yes 192 2 To some extent 299 3 Difficult to say 136 4 Not really 60 5 No 28 SYSMISS 196 [q48] Respondent's economic activity and occupational group Occupational group to which you consider yourself belonging? 765 1 11 5.83 2.634 1 Higher managerial occupation (employee) 14 2 Lower managerial or professional employee 48 3 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 109 4 Worker 177 5 Entrepreneur or self-employed 43 6 Farmer 17 7 Student 60 8 Pensioner 186 9 Housewife or house husband 29 10 Unemployed 72 11 Other 10 SYSMISS 146 [q49] Respondent's vocational education Occupational training 754 1 5 2.69 1.346 1 No vocational education 203 2 Vocational course, other short vocational education 146 3 Vocational school or equivalent (upper secondary level) 165 4 College level education 162 5 University education 79 SYSMISS 157 [q50] Which of the following alternatives describes your employer? Do you work at the... Which of the following alternatives describes your employer? Do you work at 730 1 4 2.85 1.321 1 Private sector 211 2 Public sector (employed by the state or a parish) 66 3 Public sector (employed by logal government) 74 4 Not in the labour market at present 379 SYSMISS 181 [q51] Weighting coefficient (age, sex) Weighting coefficient (age, sex) 914 .77 1.57 1.0738 .29311 [q53] Local tax rate in 1996 de facto (e.g. 1600=16.00%, 1625=16.25%) Local tax rate in 1996 de facto (e.g. 1600=16.00%, 1625=16.25%) 913 1600 1950 1759.78 66.429 [q54] Constituency Constituency 913 1 15 7.20 4.664 1 City of Helsinki 94 2 Uusimaa 139 3 Turku South 72 4 Turku North 54 6 Häme South 81 7 Häme North 32 8 Kymi 85 9 Mikkeli 50 10 North Karelia 27 11 Kuopio 51 12 Middle Finland 40 13 Vaasa 68 14 Oulu 80 15 Lapland 41 [q55] Form number Form number 914 1 650 311.91 178.601 [q56] Largest party in municipality de facto Largest party in municipality de facto 913 1 5 1.98 .952 1 KESK 343 2 SDP 294 3 KOK 250 4 VAS 1 5 RKP 26 [q57] Second largest party in municipality de facto Second largest party in municipality de facto 913 1 5 2.53 .844 1 KESK 65 2 SDP 413 3 KOK 351 4 VAS 54 5 RKP 31 [q58] Weighting coefficient Weighting coefficient 914 4231 27511 10499.86 3725.686 Questionnaire: pdf file in Finnish